The American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) describes occupational therapy as skilled treatment that helps people attain independence in all facets of their lives. (AOTA, 2005) One of the most crucial tenets of occupational theory is that there is a occupation is central in achieving health and well-being. (Wilcock, 1993; CAOT, 1997) This paper will support to define the word occupation in occupational therapy, discuss the a variety of types and functions of occupation, and briefly describe the profession of occupational therapy.
As a discipline, occupational therapy was very first noticed in the early 20th century as soon as it applied participation in daily occupations to restore the health and function of soldiers injured in Globe War I and people with mental illness. (Driver, 1998) The word occupational therapy came inside observation that occupation, health, and well-being are intrinsically bound. (Atwood, 1907; Barton, 1915)
Christiansen and Baum have described occupations as goal-directed pursuits that generally extend more than time, have meaning on the performer, and involve numerous tasks. (Christiansen, 1997) The thought of occupational performance types the basis for occupational therapy models. Occupational performance encompasses tasks, roles and activities; as such, it connects the individual towards the environment. (Reed, 1999)
One these kinds of model, the PEOP model, has four major components. (Christiansen, 2005) These four things include what persons require or desire to do in their lives (occupations); performance, or the actual act of doing; the person, which includes physiological, neurobehavioral, cognitive, psychological, and spiritual factors; as well as the person's environment, or the place exactly where the occupations eat place. All of these reasons influence occupational success.
Central towards PEOP type could be the thought of human agency, which states that men and women are naturally motivated to explore their world and demonstrate mastery within it. Men and women are stated to become competent if they have the capacity or skills to do what they have to in order to meet their own needs. Making this requires the effective use of personal, social, and material resources during the environment. People who possess each emotional maturity and problem-solving skills are in a position to identify and achieve goals that bring about life satisfaction.
Another belief which is central to this design is that people consider good about themselves after they experience success. Through their daily occupations, persons develop their identities. Fulfillment comes when men and women establish goals that have own meaning and are in a position to fulfill them. Over time, this process gives folks a sense of who they are and what their location is in the world. Nelson defined occupation as the relationship among occupational form and occupational performance. The role of the occupational therapist is to produce occupational types "objective circumstances with physical and sociocultural dimensions--that elicit or aid a person's occupational performance" what they do or how they behave. After the individual becomes engaged inside the occupational form, they're successful inside occupational performance. (Nelson, 1996)
Turner et al. describes concepts that arise as soon as occupational therapists use the word occupation. Occupations are the fabrics of doings of people's lives; they are driven by people's needs, aspirations, and environments; they relate towards the purposeful use of time as defined by the individual; and they are the ways via which folks manage the balance of their lives. (Turner, 2002)
Occupation is considered therapeutic once it results inside a sure alter inside a person's sensorimotor, cognitive, or psychosocial abilities. Occupational performance can have an impact on a quantity of occupational forms for instance how a person makes his or her bed or how he or she prepares a meal.
Plants inside a nursing or convalescent property lobby are an illustration of an occupational form. They can represent an opportunity to your patient who is recovering from a hip fracture, for example, to become mobile ample to reach the hallway and perform the needed activities such as watering and tending on the plants. 1 dilemma that occupational therapists often face is that they don't have entry to genuine home-based and community-based settings. Therefore, they have to rely on simulations of everyday settings, including the patient's hospital room or the OT kitchen. An occupational therapist may use 1-pound weights as substitutes for home items, and ask patients to place them on shelves and reorganize the kitchen cabinets. However, these simulations will only be highly effective if the patient finds meaning in them.
Actions that comprise occupational performance are named skills., observable, goal-directed actions that someone is performing. (Kielhofner, 1992) 3 sorts of skills had been described: motor skills, technique skills, and communication and interaction skills. Actions such as bending one's system or listing, manipulating, or transporting objects are considered motor skills. Process skills refer to actions like picking and organizing objects in space along with initiating and terminating steps inside a performance. Gesturing, speaking, engaging in physical contact and collaborating with others are examples of communication and interaction skills.
In recent years, professionals during the field of occupational therapy were involved in an active debate over the fundamental principles guiding the profession and how they ought to be carried out. While the debate is continuing, some key concepts have emerged. For example, it has now been mentioned that occupational therapy is concerned on the key things of occupational performance: folks as well as the roles, occupations, and relationships that folks have in the environments they inhabit. The aim of occupational therapy is to allow and empower persons being competent and confident performers in their daily lives, and thereby to enhance well-being and minimize the outcomes of dysfunction or environmental barriers. (Hagedorn, 2004)
The role of occupational therapists has also been far more closely defined. Occupational therapists are named upon to encourage persons to actively engage from the processes of therapy and being partners in designing and directing this process. Occupational therapists are also referred to as upon to use tasks and activities therapeutically and creatively to assist the individual to accomplish goals that are relevant to his or her life. A core belief of occupational therapists is that occupational performance depends over a complex interaction among somebody and his or her environment. A person's sense of well-being is directly related on the quality of this interaction. (Hagedorn, 2004)
Occupational therapy, a blend of medical and social science, is really a changing profession designed to help persons gain greater wellness and well-being. By generating opportunities for individuals to complete meaningful occupations, occupational therapy can make a positive difference in peoples' lives.
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