Zionism Evolution

As a Jew " on the whole assimilated" in European society, Herzl was described "as a homophile completely ignorant of Judaism" (Segre, 1980, p. 3). It is argued that, "because of his assimilation and detachment from Jewish realities," he was able to create a theoretical concept of a Jewish nation among a dispersed people without a background (Segre, 1980, p. 3). Thus, Zionism has been described as "a collective expression of the ordain of a dispersed nation to recover its ancestral land" (Segre, 1980, p. 4).

As founded by Herzl, however, Zionism did not rely on drinklical claims that Jews were chosen people as justification for the establishment of a territorial Israel (Segre, 1980). Rather, it was justified on the grounds that it was the best, and probably the solitary(prenominal) way of "ameliorating the lot of persecuted Jews" (Segre, 1980, p. 6). This secular approach of Zionism displace angry rejections from many Jews, particularly reformed Jews, and the controversy has lasted to the subject time in contemporary Israel (Segre, 1980).

Critics posit that Zionism "was a jingoisticsecular ideology upheld by men who were brainwashed by the Haskalah (Enlightment) and Western assimilation" (Livneh, 1964, p. 3). The secular Zionists of Herzl did not see a call for for a revival of Jewish culture. Rather, they saw a need for a territorial Israel where Jews could be free of repression and antisemitism (Fromm, 1944). The Zionism founded by Herzl "is no mor

e and no less than the attempt to translate the rargonfied single of 3the Jewish people into a real unity centered in the soil of the land of Israel" (Segre, 1980, p. 7).

At the fore of the ArabIsraeli conflict is the issue of whose rights are being trampled on, or are being upheld in Palestine (Chacour, 1984). The Arab nations contend that the rights of the Arab residents, or former residents, of Palestine were trampled on by the creation of the allege of Israel, and continue to be trampled on by Israeli repression of the country's Arab population. Israelis prospect the state of Israel as a vindication of Jewish rights; however, the Israelis are divided over the justification for their presence in Palestine. unsanctified Zionists justify the creation of the state of Israel as the only stem to the repression and other forms of antisemitism suffered by Jews in other countries (Laqueur, 1976). For close to secular Zionists, the creation of a Jewish state need not have dored on Palestinian territory, although it needed to occur on territory somewhere. Religious Zionists, by contrast contend that Israel had to have been created on Palestinian territory, because the land was theirs by biblical promise (Chapman, 1983).

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