Conflicts on Countries Caused by Opium Wars

Merchants in Confucian mainland chinaware were viewed as limited people, ranked with the lower levels of society, self-seekers who put solid gain above scholarship and the spiritual."

From the British perspective, said Marchant, the opposed policy approach with respect to the world in full general and Manchu China in particular was shaped by quaternary factors resulting from Enlightenment thought, including: 1) the Industrial Revolution belief in the emergency of human endeavor divided by God; 2) distinctive religious and secular methods for this purpose included spiritual variation and industrialization bolstered by commerce; 3) the belief that those equipped with the prim knowledge could save nations through trade and missionary practise; and 4) the ideological theory of the so-called Just War assiduous against backward nations also supported the British merchants in China in this instance.

In discussing this set of military conflicts, John Newsinger states that the export of opium into China despite Chinese government bans on this product, became a huge source of profits for the British by the 1830s and play "a crucial role in the financing of British rule in India and was the underpinning of British trade throughout the East." Newsinger goes on to state that:

Spence, Jonathan D. The Search for youthful China. New

Anonymous. "The Opium War and the Opening of China."

In a letter by Lin to Queen Victoria, China's feelings on this matter were made explicit, as was their temper toward the British and the West:

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